When the human spine is viewed from the side, there is a slight outward slope in the back area and a slight inward slope in the lower back region. When the outward slope is above normal degree(above 40 degrees) it is defined as kyphosis (hunchback). Scoliosis and kyphosis can be seen at the same time. Detailed physical examination is the first step in the evaluation of kyphosis.Evaluations on standing spine films are usually sufficient. However further examination may require Magnetic Resonance (MR) or Computed Tomography. There are different types of kyphosis as in scoliosis.
POSTURAL KYPHOSIS
This type of kyphosis is developed from posture disorder. In this case, the patient can move his / her own body into an upright position when he or she wants to be warned. After a while, he returns to his previous posture disorder. The most important reason of postural kyphosis is that the back and lumbar muscles do not have sufficient strength. It is important to correct children's sitting positions in the daily live to correct this situation. In addition, children who have regular sports activities will have less posture disorders because their back and lumbar muscles will be stronger. Surgical treatment is not required for kyphosis developed from posture disorder. However, in cases of doubt, a spinal surgery specialist should be consulted.
STRUCTURAL KYPHOSIS
The most important feature of structural kyphosis is that the posture cannot be corrected even if desired. The specific name of structural kyphosis is SCHEUERMANN kyphosis.It is formed by the wedge shape due to slowing of the front part of the spine. This type of kyphosis is seen in the back region or at the intersection of the back and the waist.
CONGENITAL SCOLIOSIS
It occurs when there is an inability to form or divide the spinal segments in the womb. It cannot be corrected by trying to stand upright like structural kyphosis. Generally, curvature has a sharper angle.
OTHER CAUSES OF KYPHOSIS
• bone infections
• spinal trauma
• metabolic bone diseases
• tumors
